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mongolia

Introduction

Mongolia is a landlocked country located in East Asia, bordered by China to the north, Russia to the northeast, Kazakhstan to the east, and Vietnam to the southeast. With a total area of approximately 1.56 million square kilometers (610,000 sq mi), Mongolia is one of the world's largest countries. Its capital city is Ulaanbaatar.

Key Facts

  • Population: around 3 million people
  • Capital city: Ulaanbaatar
  • Language: Mongolian and Russian are official languages
  • Currency: Mongolian tögrög (MNT)
  • Government: parliamentary democracy
  • Economy: primarily based on mining, agriculture, and tourism

Historical Context

The territory of Mongolia has been inhabited since ancient times. The Mongols arrived in the 13th century, and their rule lasted until the mid-19th century. In 1911, Mongolia gained independence from China.

Mongol Empire

Mongolia was an integral part of the Mongol Empire, which was founded by Genghis Khan. The empire expanded rapidly throughout Asia, conquering neighboring tribes and establishing a vast network of trade routes. The Mongols played a significant role in shaping East Asian history and culture.

Notable Events:

  • 1211: The Mongolian Empire is divided into four khanates (China, Korea, Jurchen-led Jin Dynasty, and Yuan Dynasty).
  • 1368: Kublai Khan establishes the Yuan Dynasty in China.

Chinese Influence

After the Mongol Empire's decline in the 14th century, Mongolia was absorbed into the Chinese Empire. The country remained under Chinese rule until 1911.

Russian Rule

In the early 20th century, Mongolia became a satellite state of Russia. The country gained independence from Russia in 1921 with the establishment of the People's Republic of Mongolia.

Modern Era

Mongolia has experienced rapid economic development since gaining independence from Russia. The country is now an emerging economy, driven primarily by mining and agriculture.

Notable Developments:

  • 1990s: Mongolia begins to adopt a market-oriented economy.
  • 2005: China signs the Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA) with Mongolia.
  • 2011: Mongolia adopts the new constitution.

Significant Contributions

Cultural Heritage

Mongolia has a rich cultural heritage, shaped by its nomadic past. The country is home

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  • Keywords: mongolia, wiki, history, facts
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