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russia

Introduction

Overview of Russia

Russia is a federal semi-presidential constitutional republic located in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It shares borders with Norway to the north, China and North Korea to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan to the west.

Key Facts

Population

  • Estimated 146 million (2021)
  • Capital: Moscow
  • Largest city: Saint Petersburg
  • Official language: Russian
  • Currency: Russian ruble

Geography

  • Covers an area of approximately 17,125,200 square kilometers
  • Longest river is the Volga River
  • Highest mountain range is the Caucasus Mountains
  • Coastline along the Baltic Sea and Arctic Ocean

History

  • Ancient civilizations date back to the Bronze Age (circa 3000 BCE)
  • Soviet Union existed from 1922 to 1991
  • Modern Russia has experienced significant economic growth since the collapse of communism (1985-1991)

Historical Context

Early History

  • Ancient Russian settlements emerged in the 11th century CE
  • Kievan Rus' was a medieval state that unified many tribes under one ruler (from circa 882 to 1240)
  • Mongol invasion in 1237 led to the establishment of Moscow as the capital

Soviet Era

  • The Soviet Union was formed in 1922, with Vladimir Lenin at its helm
  • Joseph Stalin rose to power during World War II and ruled until his death in 1953
  • Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms attempted to liberalize the economy and politics (1985-1991)

Modern Russia

Significant Contributions

Science and Technology

  • Developed space exploration (Sputnik, Soyuz)
  • Led by scientists like Sergei Korolev and Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
  • Achievements in computing, electronics, and materials science are notable

Literature

  • Famous authors include Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky, and Vladimir Nabokov
  • Russian literature has influenced world literature across the centuries

Impact

Cultural Significance

  • Has produced iconic works of art (e.g., ballets by Tchaikovsky and Stravinsky)
  • Influenced world cinema with films like "Red Square" (1968) and "Stalker" (1979)

Economic Contributions

  • Has the

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  • Generation time: 2024-11-01 16:17:41
  • Keywords: russia, wiki, history, facts
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