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afghanistan

Introduction

Overview

Afghanistan is a landlocked country located in South Asia, bordered by Pakistan to the west and north, Iran to the east and south, Tajikistan to the southeast, and Turkmenistan to the northeast. With a population of approximately 38 million people, Afghanistan is one of the most populous countries in Central Asia.

History

Afghanistan's history dates back thousands of years, with various empires and dynasties rising and falling over time. The ancient Persians established their empire in the region from around 550 BCE to 330 CE. The Arabs conquered Afghanistan in the 7th century CE, followed by the Ghaznavid Empire, the Mongol Empire, and the Timurid dynasty. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Afghanistan was a British protectorate until it gained independence in 1919. During World War II, the country became a battleground for Soviet and Western forces.

Key Facts

  • Capital: Kabul
  • Population (2020): approximately 38 million people
  • Language: Dari and Pashto (official languages), various regional dialects
  • Currency: Afghan afghani (AFA)
  • Government: unitary presidential republic
  • Religion: predominantly Muslim, with a small minority of Christians and Hindus

Historical Context

Afghanistan's history is marked by periods of turmoil, conflict, and foreign intervention. The country has been ruled by various empires and dynasties over the centuries, each leaving their mark on the nation's culture, politics, and society.

  • Ancient Persians (550 BCE - 330 CE): Established the empire in the region from around 550 BCE to 330 CE.
  • Arabs (7th century CE): Conquered Afghanistan in the 7th century CE, followed by the Ghaznavid Empire and the Mongol Empire.
  • Timurid Dynasty (14th-16th centuries): Founded by Timur (also known as Tamerlane), a Turkic ruler who united various tribes and established a vast empire that stretched from Central Asia to India.
  • British Protectorate (1919-1946): Afghanistan was annexed by Britain in 1919, and remained under British rule until the end of World War II.

Significant Contributions

Afghanistan has made significant contributions to various fields, including:

  • Architecture: Afghan architecture

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  • Keywords: afghanistan, wiki, history, facts
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