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czech republic

Introduction

The Czech Republic is a landlocked country located in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east, and Poland to the northeast. It has a rich history dating back to the 9th century, with a unique cultural identity shaped by its complex past. The country has undergone significant transformations over the centuries, including periods of division, reunification, and independence.

Key Facts

  • Population: approximately 10.7 million people (2020)
  • Capital city: Prague (110,000 inhabitants)
  • Official language: Czech (approximately 90% of population), with other languages such as German and English widely spoken
  • Currency: Czech koruna (CZK)
  • Area: 78,865 square kilometers

History

Ancient Periods

The first settlers arrived in the area around 900 BCE, with various tribes inhabiting the region over the centuries. In the 10th century, the Kingdom of Bohemia was established under King Bolesław I Chrobry.

Middle Ages

In the 12th century, the Duchy of Moravia was formed, with its capital in Prague. The Hussite Wars took place from 1419 to 1436, led by Jan Hus and other reformers who sought to reform the Catholic Church.

Reformation and Counter-Reformation

Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation spread throughout the country during the 16th century, with some of the most notable figures including Jan Žižka (who fought against the Habsburgs) and Mikuláš of Kardašovyáriad.

Counter-Reformation

In response to the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church launched a counter-reform effort led by Cardinal Albrecht Dürer. This period saw significant architectural achievements in Prague Castle.

Modern Period

  • 1918: The Czechoslovak Republic was established after World War I.
  • 1939-1945: Czechoslovakia was occupied by Nazi Germany and later by the Soviet Union.
  • 1989: The Velvet Revolution led to the end of communist rule and the establishment of a democratic government.

Significant Contributions

The Czech Republic has made significant contributions in various fields, including:

  • Architecture: Prague's Gothic-style architecture is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The country is also home to numerous other architectural styles, such as Art Nouveau and Baroque.
  • **Art

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  • Keywords: czech republic, wiki, history, facts
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