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indonesia

Introduction

Indonesia is the world's fourth most populous country and the largest archipelago in Southeast Asia. With over 17,000 islands, it covers approximately 170,000 square kilometers of land and sea. Indonesia has a rich history dating back thousands of years, with various cultures, kingdoms, and empires rising and falling throughout its territory. The country's strategic location at the crossroads of Asia, Europe, and Africa makes it an important hub for trade, tourism, and economic development.

Key Facts

Population

  • Population: approximately 273 million (2020 estimate)
  • Ethnic groups:
    • 128 million ethnic Indonesian (65% of population)
    • 56 million ethnic Chinese (25% of population)
    • 8 million ethnic Malay (3.5% of population)

Geography

  • Land area: 1,904,569 square kilometers
  • Coastline: approximately 36,000 kilometers
  • Highest point: Gunung Lawu (2,866 meters above sea level)

Economy

  • GDP (nominal) per capita: $4,340 (2020 estimate)
  • Major industries:
    • Agriculture: palm oil, coffee, rubber
    • Manufacturing: textiles, electronics, food processing
    • Services: finance, trade, tourism

Historical Context

Indonesia's history is marked by a complex interplay of colonialism, nationalism, and ethnic conflict. The country has been divided into various kingdoms and empires throughout its history, including the Majapahit Empire (13th-15th centuries), the Sultanate of Mataram (17th-18th centuries), and the Dutch East Indies (17th-1942).

The colonial period saw the exploitation of Indonesia's resources by European powers, leading to widespread poverty and inequality. The Indonesian nationalist movement emerged in the early 20th century, with figures such as Sukarno and Hatta playing key roles in the country's struggle for independence.

After Indonesia gained its independence on August 17, 1945, it became a republic under the leadership of President Sukarno, who ruled until his death in 1967. The country has since experienced periods of authoritarian rule, military coups, and democratic transitions.

Significant Contributions

Arts and Culture

  • Indonesian literature: includes works by writers such as Raden Mas and Wahidin Kamil
  • Music: traditional Indonesian music, including gamelan and s

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  • Generation time: 2024-11-01 16:47:03
  • Keywords: indonesia, wiki, history, facts
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